<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>ATAR SI&#7748GH SANT (1866-1927)</TITLE>਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
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<p class="C1">&#65279ATAR SI&#7748GH, SANT (1866-1927), of Mast&#363&#257&#7751&#257, the most charismatic figure in latter-day Sikh piety, was born on 13 March 1866 in the village of Ch&#299m&#257, in Sa&#7749gr&#363r district of the Punjab. His father, Karam Si&#7749gh, was a farmer of modest means and could not afford to send him to a school in town. So Atar Si&#7749gh was apprenticed to Bh&#257&#299 B&#363&#7789&#257 Si&#7749gh, head of the Nirmal&#257 <i>&#7693er&#257</i> or monastery of Bh&#257&#299 R&#257m Si&#7749gh, in his own village. He acquired proficiency in the Sikh religious texts and also read philosophical treatises such as the <i>Vich&#257r S&#257gar. </i> Side by side with his progress in Sikh learning, he developed a deeply religious cast of mind. While tending his cattle, he would become absorbed in reciting hymns from the Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀琀 琀栀攀 愀最攀 漀昀 猀攀瘀攀渀琀攀攀渀Ⰰ 䄀琀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 攀渀氀椀猀琀攀搀 愀猀 愀 最甀渀渀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䄀爀琀椀氀氀攀爀礀Ⰰ 氀愀琀攀爀 最攀琀琀椀渀最 栀椀洀猀攀氀昀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 㔀㐀琀栀 匀椀欀栀 䈀愀琀琀愀氀椀漀渀 猀琀愀琀椀漀渀攀搀 愀琀 䬀漀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 栀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 匀椀欀栀 椀渀椀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀愀渀琀漀渀洀攀渀琀 㰀椀㸀最甀爀搀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀搀 栀椀猀 猀琀甀搀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀挀爀椀瀀琀甀爀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 最甀椀搀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 椀琀猀 㰀椀㸀最爀愀渀琀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䈀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䨀漀搀栀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀洀礀 眀栀攀渀 栀攀 琀漀漀欀 愀 瘀漀眀 渀漀琀 琀漀 洀愀爀爀礀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This was a stimulating period of time in the Punjab. English education and Christian missionary activity had created a new ferment. The &#256rya Sam&#257j was the Hindu response to the situation and the Si&#7749gh Sabh&#257 represented the Sikh reaction. Atar Si&#7749gh became involved in the Si&#7749gh Sabh&#257's dual concerns of restoring the purity of Sikh belief and custom and rejuvenating Sikh society and of promoting Western education among the Sikhs. In the first instance, he went on a pilgrimage to Sr&#299 Haz&#363r S&#257hib at N&#257nde&#7693, sacred to Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh. In 1888, Atar Si&#7749gh was placed in the reserve list and, in 1891, he got his name finally struck off the rolls of the army to devote himself solely to preaching the holy message of the Gur&#363s. He toured extensively in Jamm&#363 and Kashm&#299r, Sindh and the North-West Frontier Province. In the Po&#7789hoh&#257r region, many Sikhs and Hindus received <i>p&#257hul</i> at his hands. Master T&#257r&#257 Si&#7749gh, who later became famous as a political leader, and Bh&#257&#299 Jodh Si&#7749gh, eminent and educationist, were administered the rites of <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257 baptism by him at &#7692er&#257 <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257. In Jamm&#363 and Kashm&#299r, he visited Sr&#299nagar, M&#299rpur and other towns which had Sikh populations. At Pesh&#257war, in the North-West Frontier Province, he was received with honour not only by the Hindus and the Sikhs, but also by the Pa&#7789h&#257ns. Sant Kaly&#257&#7751 Si&#7749gh of Pesh&#257war became a devotee. In Sindh, he visited Sakkhar, Hyder&#257b&#257d and Kar&#257ch&#299. In 1902, he established his main centre in the M&#257lv&#257 region, at Gurs&#257gar Mast&#363&#257&#7751&#257, near Sa&#7749gr&#363r. By his extensive tours and his melodious and resonant recitations of the Gur&#363s' <i>b&#257&#7751&#299</i> before vast audiences, he created a new religious fervour in the Sikh community. Many were impressed by his gentle and spiritual manner and were drawn into the fold of Sikhism. To receive baptism at his hands was considered especially meritorious. New <i>gurdw&#257r&#257s</i> sprang at in several places in the wake of Sant Atar Si&#7749gh's visit.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀昀琀攀爀 ㄀㤀㈀　Ⰰ 匀愀渀琀 䄀琀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 昀漀挀甀猀猀攀搀 栀椀猀 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 䐀愀洀搀愀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀 眀栀攀爀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀漀戀椀渀搀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 栀愀搀 猀漀樀漀甀爀渀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㜀　㘀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀攀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 匀漀甀琀栀⸀ 䄀琀 䐀愀洀搀愀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀Ⰰ 栀攀 爀愀椀猀攀搀 愀 洀愀最渀椀昀椀挀攀渀琀 㰀椀㸀戀甀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 愀渀搀 琀甀爀渀攀搀 椀琀 椀渀琀漀 愀 洀愀樀漀爀 挀攀渀琀爀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀愀最愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 匀椀欀栀椀猀洀⸀ 䠀攀 猀攀渀琀 愀戀爀漀愀搀 昀漀甀爀 匀椀欀栀 礀漀甀渀最 洀攀渀 ⴀⴀⴀ 吀攀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 䄀洀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 䐀栀愀爀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀渀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 愀渀搀 䠀愀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 䈀愀猀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 ⴀⴀⴀ 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 琀眀椀渀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀 漀昀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 栀椀最栀攀爀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀瀀爀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀猀✀ 洀攀猀猀愀最攀⸀ 吀攀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 猀攀琀 甀瀀 椀渀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀 琀栀攀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䨀愀琀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 䤀猀氀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀愀琀攀爀 眀攀渀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 漀昀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀ 䠀攀 琀漀漀欀 栀椀猀 䴀愀猀琀攀爀✀猀 搀攀最爀攀攀 愀琀 䠀愀爀瘀愀爀搀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 氀攀挀琀甀爀攀搀 漀渀 匀椀欀栀椀猀洀 眀椀搀攀氀礀 椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 愀渀搀 䌀愀渀愀搀愀Ⰰ 戀攀猀椀搀攀猀 攀猀瀀漀甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀愀甀猀攀 漀昀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀 椀洀洀椀最爀愀渀琀猀⸀ 䐀栀愀爀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀渀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 栀椀猀 倀栀⸀ 䐀⸀ 搀攀最爀攀攀 昀爀漀洀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀椀稀椀渀最 椀渀 倀氀愀琀漀渀椀挀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257 College Committee, Amritsar, requested Sant Atar Si&#7749gh to represent it at the Delhi Darb&#257r in 1911. However, he went to Delhi as a guest of the Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 of J&#299nd. He was a distinguished participant in the ceremonial procession taken out from Pa&#7789i&#257l&#257 House in Delhi in which, apart from the people in general, the chiefs of Pa&#7789i&#257l&#257 and J&#299nd participated. As he rode on an elegantly caparisoned elephant, he looked the very picture of holiness. He was naturally the centre of attention, overshadowing the princes. The sacred hymn he was reciting on that occasion of extraordinary display of imperial power and panoply contrasted the infirmity of worldly rulers with the omnipotence of the God Almighty. The opening lines ran :</p>਍㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀漀瘀攀爀攀椀最渀猀 攀焀甀愀氀猀 䠀愀爀椀 琀栀攀 䄀氀洀椀最栀琀礀㬀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All these worldly rulers last but a bare few days.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䘀愀氀猀攀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 琀栀攀礀 猀攀琀 甀瀀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
	<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (GG, 856)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p></blockquote></p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䔀焀甀愀氀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 瀀爀攀愀挀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀 圀漀爀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀猀Ⰰ 匀愀渀琀 䄀琀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀攀搀 栀椀洀猀攀氀昀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀洀漀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀洀漀渀最 匀椀欀栀猀⸀ 䠀攀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 栀椀洀猀攀氀昀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䌀漀渀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 椀琀猀 愀渀渀甀愀氀 猀攀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀椀搀椀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀愀琀 漀昀 ㄀㤀㄀㔀 愀琀 䘀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀漀稀瀀甀爀⸀ 䠀攀 栀攀氀瀀攀搀 昀漀甀渀搀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䠀椀最栀 匀挀栀漀漀氀Ⰰ 䰀礀愀氀氀瀀甀爀Ⰰ 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䠀椀最栀 匀挀栀漀漀氀Ⰰ 䌀栀愀欀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀Ⰰ 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀愀爀礀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀Ⰰ 䜀甀樀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀Ⰰ 䜀甀樀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䴀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䠀椀最栀 匀挀栀漀漀氀Ⰰ 䰀甀搀栀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀Ⰰ 䴀愀猀琀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀⸀ 䤀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㐀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀攀渀琀 琀漀 䈀愀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀愀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 倀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㌀椀琀 䴀愀搀愀渀 䴀漀栀愀渀 䴀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀愀瘀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀礀愀 琀漀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀攀爀攀洀漀渀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 氀愀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀愀渀猀欀爀椀琀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀⸀ 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 刀椀瀀甀搀愀洀愀渀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 漀昀 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 眀愀猀 愀渀 愀搀洀椀爀攀爀 漀昀 匀愀渀琀 䄀琀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 琀漀漀欀 栀椀洀 琀漀 嘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀愀猀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 椀渀 栀椀猀 漀眀渀 猀愀氀漀漀渀⸀ 唀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 琀攀渀琀 渀攀愀爀 琀栀攀 猀椀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀氀氀攀最攀Ⰰ 匀愀渀琀 䄀琀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 愀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 昀椀瘀攀 㰀椀㸀愀欀栀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㌀ 瀀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀栀猀Ⰰ 㰀⼀椀㸀 漀爀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀Ⰰ 甀渀椀渀琀攀爀爀甀瀀琀攀搀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀爀愀渀琀栀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀Ⰰ 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 刀椀瀀甀搀愀洀愀渀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 猀愀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀刀愀栀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀椀㰀⼀椀㸀 攀瘀攀爀礀 攀瘀攀渀椀渀最⸀ 䄀猀 琀栀攀猀攀 爀攀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀爀愀渀琀栀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀 眀攀爀攀 挀漀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀Ⰰ 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䜀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 漀昀 䈀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀攀爀 漀昀昀攀爀攀搀 挀漀渀挀爀攀琀攀 椀渀 愀 猀椀氀瘀攀爀 瀀氀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 匀愀渀琀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 氀愀椀搀 琀栀攀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 戀礀 愀瀀瀀氀礀椀渀最 椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀氀攀瘀攀渀 戀爀椀挀欀猀 漀昀 最漀氀搀 猀甀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 漀昀 䬀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 挀攀爀攀洀漀渀椀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 漀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 匀愀渀琀 䄀琀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 爀攀洀愀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 嘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀愀猀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 昀漀爀 愀 眀攀攀欀 愀猀 琀栀攀 最甀攀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 眀栀漀 琀爀攀愀琀攀搀 栀椀洀 眀椀琀栀 搀攀攀瀀 爀攀瘀攀爀攀渀挀攀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sant Atar Si&#7749gh shared the Sikh community's wider social and religious concerns. He supported the Gurdw&#257r&#257 reform movement, and took part in the <i>d&#299v&#257n</i> held at Nank&#257&#7751&#257 S&#257hib by the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Gurdw&#257r&#257 Parbandhak Committee in honour of the Nank&#257&#7751&#257 S&#257hib martyrs in 1921. He was invited to attend the Bhog ceremonies at the conclusion of the Ak&#257l&#299 <i>morch&#257</i> at Jaito. In a report prepared in 1911 by the intelligence department of the Government of India, Sant Atar Si&#7749gh was described as the inspiration behind the Tatt <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257 movement among the Sikhs. It was to this school of reformist Sikhs that the origins of the Ak&#257l&#299 movement can be traced.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀伀渀 ㌀㄀ 䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㤀㈀㜀Ⰰ 匀愀渀琀 䄀琀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 瀀愀猀猀攀搀 愀眀愀礀 愀琀 匀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀爀⸀ 䠀椀猀 戀漀搀礀 眀愀猀 挀爀攀洀愀琀攀搀 愀琀 䴀愀猀琀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 眀栀攀爀攀 渀漀眀 愀 栀愀渀搀猀漀洀攀 洀漀渀甀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 愀 㰀椀㸀最甀爀搀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 瀀攀爀瀀攀琀甀愀琀攀猀 栀椀猀 洀攀洀漀爀礀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䈀䤀䈀∀㸀ഀഀ
BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> Tej&#257 Si&#7749gh, <i>J&#299van Kath&#257 Gurmukh Pi&#257re Sant Atar Si&#7749gh J&#299 Mah&#257r&#257j. </i> Pati&#257l&#257, 1970<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䬀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䈀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䄀洀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀匀愀渀琀 䄀琀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 䨀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀⸀ 㰀⼀椀㸀 䰀甀挀欀渀漀眀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㜀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Balwant Si&#7749gh, Gi&#257n&#299, <i>Agam Ag&#257dh Purakh Shr&#299m&#257n P&#363jya Sant Atar Si&#7749gh J&#299 M&#257h&#257r&#257j Mast&#363&#257&#7751e  v&#257li&#257&#7749 d&#257 Samp&#363ran Jivan Charittar. Mastuana</i> 1983<BR>਍㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀匀甀爀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 䜀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀搀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀愀猀瀀砀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ
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